Optical networking is a research area that focuses on the use of optical technologies for communication and networking purposes. This includes the use of fiber optics, lasers, and other optical components to transmit data over long distances at high speeds. Optical networking has many advantages over traditional electronic networking, including higher data transfer rates, lower latency, and greater bandwidth capacity. Research in optical networking aims to improve the efficiency, performance, and reliability of optical communication systems, as well as explore new applications and services that can benefit from optical networking technology.